|
|
| Calcium | |
| Electron Configuration | 2,8,8,2 |
| Electron Configuration | [Ar] 4s2 |
| Ground state | 1S0 |
| Atomic Volume | 29.9 g/cm3 |
| Electronegativity | 1.00 |
| Magnetic ordering | Paramagnetic |
| Mass magnetic susceptibility | 1.38 x 10-8 |
| Molar magnetic susceptibility | 5.531 x 10-10 |
| Speed of sound | 3810 m s-1 |
 Thermal Properties |
|
| Enthalpy of Atomization | 184 kJ mol-1 @25°C |
| Enthalpy of Fusion | 9.33 kJ mol-1 |
| Enthalpy of Vaporisation | 150.6 kJ mol-1 |
| Heat Capacity | 25.929 J mol-1 K-1 |
| Thermal Conductivity | 201 W m-1 K-1 |
| Thermal Expansion | 22.3 μm m-1 K-1 |
| Hardness |
|
| Brinell hardness | 167 MPa |
| Mohs hardness | 1.75 |
| Elastic Properties |
|
| Bulk modulus | 17 GPa |
| Poisson ratio | 0.31 |
| Shear modulus | 7.4 GPa |
| Young's modulus | 20 GPa |
| Electrical Properties |
|
| Electrical resistivity | 3.4 x 10-8 Ω m |
| Electrical conductivity | No data. |
| Chemical Properties |
|
| Electrochemical Equivalent | 0.7477 g Ah-1 |
| Electron Work Function | 2.87 eV |
| Valence Electron Potential (-eV) | 29 |
| Ionization Potential | |
 First
|
6.113 |
| Second
|
11.871 |
| Third
|
50.908 |
| Incompatibilities | Water, oxidizers, acids, air, chlorine, chlorine tri-fluoride (ClF3), fluorine, oxygen, silicon, sulfur. |
| Flammability |
|
| Flammable solid
|
| Energy Levels |
|
| Kα1 (intensity 100) |
3.69168 KeV |
| Kα2 (intensity 50) |
3.68809 KeV |
| Kβ1 (intensity 19.52) |
4.0127 KeV |
| Lα1 (intensity 100) |
0.3413 KeV |
| Lα2 (intensity 10) |
0.3413 KeV |
| Lβ1 (intensity 12.3) |
0.3449 KeV |
| Lγ3 (intensity 0) |
0.306 KeV |
| Ll (intensity 100) |
0.302 KeV |
| Atomic Radii |
|
| Empirical
|
180 pm |
| Bohr Radius
|
194 pm |
| Covalent Radius
|
174 pm |
| Van der Waals
|
No data. |
| Triple covalent
|
133 pm |
| Metallic
|
197 pm |
| Ionic Radii (Å) |
||||
| Charge | Coordination | Crystal | Ionic | Key |
| 2 | VI | 1.14 | 1 | |
| VII | 1.2 | 1.06 | * | |
| VIII | 1.26 | 1.12 | * | |
| IX | 1.32 | 1.18 | ||
| X | 1.37 | 1.23 | C | |
| XII | 1.48 | 1.34 | C | |
| R, From r3 vs V plots. |
| C, Calculated from bond length - bond strength equations. |
| E, Estimated. |
| *, Most Reliable. |
| M, From Metallic Oxides. |
| A, Ahrens (1952) Ionic radius. |
| P, Pauling's (1960) Crystal Radius. |
| Oxidation States |
|
| Main
|
Ca+2 |
| Other
|
|
Ionisation Energies (kJ mol-1)  |
|
| M - M+ |
589.7 |
| M+ - M2+ |
1145 |
| M2+ - M3+ |
4910 |
| M3+ - M4+ |
6474 |
| M4+ - M5+ |
8144 |
| M5+ - M6+ |
10496 |
| M6+ - M7+ |
12320 |
| M7+ - M8+ |
14207 |
| M8+ - M9+ |
18191 |
| M9+ - M10+ |
20385 |
| Vapour Pressure |
||||||
| P (Pa) | 1 | 10 | 100 | 1K | 10K | 100K |
| T (K) | 864 | 956 | 1071 | 1227 | 1443 | 1755 |
| Crystal Structure |
|
| Structure
|
Cubic close packed |
 |
a = 558.84 pm |
| b = 558.84 pm | |
| c = 558.84 pm | |
| α = 90° | |
| β = 90° | |
| γ = 90° | |